Electronic prescribing systems enable the exchange of medication information among clinicians, pharmacies, patients, payers, and suppliers. Recent federal legislation will provide financial incentives for adopting electronic prescribing systems—and impose penalties for not adopting them. This project will assess current e-prescribing systems and their value. The investigators will review evidence of the effect e-prescribing has on costs, medication errors, care coordination, and medication adherence, and develop cost-benefit models to quantify the impact on costs and quality of care over time. By determining to whom the costs and benefits of e-prescribing value would accrue if the technology were adopted nationwide, this work will inform federal payment policy. This grant will be contingent on cofunding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and from nonprofit organizations or private foundations.