In 2005, Congress began requiring hospitals to report their performance on quality-of-care measures in order to receive full payment from Medicare. These data present an opportunity to examine the various dimensions of hospital performance and determine how that performance can be improved. Building on its previous Fund-supported work, the research team will analyze the relationship between hospital characteristics, quality of care, and risk-adjusted costs, including the costs of patient readmissions up to 180 days post-discharge. If data on care coordination, patient-centered care, and patient satisfaction become available in the next year as expected, the investigators will develop a proposal for a second phase of work to incorporate these quality dimensions into the analysis. The project's findings will advance the identification of high- and low-performing hospitals, as well as help explain variation in quality, cost, and efficiency.